Timeline of medicine and medical technology: декабря 2011

1901 – Karl Landsteiner discovers the existence of different human blood types
1901 – Alois Alzheimer identifies the first case of what becomes known as Alzheimer's disease
1903 - Willem Einthoven discovers electrocardiography (ECG/EKG)
1906 – Frederick Hopkins suggests the existence of vitamins and suggests that a lack of vitamins causes scurvy and rickets
1907 – Paul Ehrlich develops a chemotherapeutic cure for sleeping sickness
1908 – Victor Horsley and R. Clarke invents the stereotactic method
1909 – First Intrauterine device described by Richard Richter.^[15]
1910 - Hans Christian Jacobeus performs the first laparoscopy on humans
1917 – Julius Wagner-Jauregg discovers the malarial fever shock therapy for general paresis of the insane
1921 – Edward Mellanby discovers vitamin D and shows that its absence causes rickets
1921 – Frederick Banting and Charles Best discover insulin – important for the treatment of diabetes
1921 – Fidel Pagés pioneers epidural anesthesia
1923 – First vaccine for Diphtheria
1926 – First vaccine for Pertussis
1927 – First vaccine for Tuberculosis
1927 – First vaccine for Tetanus
1928 – Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
1929 – Hans Berger discovers human electroencephalography
1932 – Gerhard Domagk develops a chemotherapeutic cure for streptococcus
1933 – Manfred Sakel discovers insulin shock therapy
1935 – Ladislas J. Meduna discovers metrazol shock therapy

1800 – Humphry Davy announces the anaesthetic properties of nitrous oxide
1816 – Rene Laennec invents the stethoscope
1818 – James Blundell performs the first successful human blood transfusion
1842 – Crawford Long performs the first surgical operation using anaesthesia with ether
1846 – First painless surgery with general anaesthetic
1847 – Ignaz Semmelweis discovers how to prevent puerperal fever

1543 – Andreas Vesalius publishes De Fabrica Corporis Humani which corrects Greek medical errors and revolutionizes European medicine
1546 – Girolamo Fracastoro proposes that epidemic diseases are caused by transferable seedlike entities
1553 – Miguel Serveto describes the circulation of blood through the lungs. He is accused of heresy and burned at the stake
1556 – Amato Lusitano describes venous valves in the Ázigos vein
1559 – Realdo Colombo describes the circulation of blood through the lungs in detail
1563 – Garcia de Orta founds tropical medicine with his treatise on Indian diseases and treatments
1596 – Li Shizhen publishes Běncǎo Gāngmù or Compendium of Materia Medica
1603 – Girolamo Fabrici studies leg veins and notices that they have valves which allow blood to flow only toward the heart
1628 – William Harvey explains the circulatory system in Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus

c. 800–873 – Al-Kindi (Alkindus) introducesss quantification into aasdxa with his De Gradibus
c. 830–870 – Hunayn ibn Ishaq transslates Galen's works into Arabic
c. 838–870 – Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, a pioneer in the field of child development, writes the first encyclopedia of medicine in Arabic.^[1]^[2]
c. 865–925 – Rhazes pioneers pediatrics,^[3] and makes the first clear distinction between smallpox and measles in his al-Hawi.
1000 – Abulcasis establishes surgery as a profession of in his Kitab al-Tasrif, which remains a standard textbook in Muslim and European universities until the 16th century. The book described the plaster cast,^[4] inhalant anesthesia, and many surgical instruments.^[5]

2600 BC – Imhotep wrote texts on ancient Egyptian medicine describing diagnosis and treatment of 200 diseases in 3rd dynasty Egypt.
1500 BC – Saffron used as a medicine on the Aegean island of Thera in ancient Greece
500 BC – Bian Que becomes the earliest physician known to use acupuncture and pulse diagnosis
420 BC – Hippocrates of Cos maintains that diseases have natural causes and puts forth the Hippocratic Oath, marking the birth of medicine in the west
400 – the Sushruta Samhita is published, laying the framework for Ayurvedic medicine
c. 400 BC - 1 BC – The Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine) is published, laying the framework for traditional Chinese medicine
280 BC – Herophilus studies the nervous system and distinguishes between sensory nerves and motor nerves

воскресенье, 11 декабря 2011 г.